Getting a License in Portugal: Nigerian Guide

Portugal’s tech sector growth, vibrant cities like Lisbon and Porto, and stunning coastal areas attract many Nigerians and other Africans seeking new opportunities. Getting around independently often requires driving, and a Portuguese driving licence (carta de condução) becomes essential once you settle in.

Many of us arrive with a Nigerian licence and want to know how long we can use it, if we can exchange it easily, or if we need to go through tests and lessons from the start. The rules vary depending on whether you are a tourist, new resident, or staying long-term. This guide explains it all simply for Nigerians (and similarly for other non-EU Africans).

Can You Drive on Your Nigerian Licence in Portugal?

As a tourist or short-term visitor, you can drive with your valid Nigerian licence plus an International Driving Permit (IDP) obtained in Nigeria. This is accepted for up to 185 days from your entry date. Nigeria follows international road traffic conventions, so your licence is recognised during this period.

Once you become a resident (after receiving your residence permit), the rules change. Nigeria is not included on Portugal’s list of countries with special agreements (such as OECD or CPLP members: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Australia, Canada, US, UK, and others). Therefore, your Nigerian licence remains valid for only 90 days after you receive your residence card.

After those 90 days, you must exchange it for a Portuguese licence. Because there is no bilateral agreement with Nigeria, you cannot do a direct swap without tests. You will need to pass both the theory and practical driving tests.

For official details, check the IMT exchange service page at https://www.gov.pt/servicos/trocar-carta-de-conducao-estrangeira-por-portuguesa and the list of recognised countries.

How to Exchange Your Foreign Licence in Portugal

For Nigerians, the exchange process involves applying through IMT and completing the required tests. Begin with a medical examination: Visit an approved doctor for a fitness-to-drive certificate (they usually send it directly to IMT electronically). This typically costs €25 to €50.

Next, submit your application online through the IMT portal. Required documents include:

• Your residence permit or citizen card (or other official identification).
• Original Nigerian driving licence.
• NIF (Portuguese tax identification number).
• Possibly a certificate of domicile from Portal das Finanças if your address is not shown on your residence permit.
• Passport if required for biometric data.
• Certified translation of your licence (if it is not in Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish).
• Certificate of authenticity from Nigerian authorities or the consulate (confirming categories and that they were obtained through testing).

Since Nigeria has no agreement, you must also pass the theory and practical tests.

After submission, IMT will contact you to schedule an in-person appointment where you hand over your original licence (they return it to Nigeria after processing) and provide biometrics. You usually receive a temporary driving permit while waiting.

The exchange administration fee is €30. The whole process often takes 4 to 8 weeks.

Pro tip: Make sure all documents are recent (many are valid for only 6 months). Plan your steps carefully to avoid repeating anything.

Getting a New Portuguese Licence from Scratch

If you choose to start fresh or need to, enrol in a certified driving school. Basic requirements are:

• At least 18 years old.
• Legal residency in Portugal.
• No current driving ban.

The school handles your application, learner’s permit, and coordination with IMT for training.

Mandatory training consists of:

• At least 28 hours of classroom instruction on traffic laws, road signs, and safety (many schools in Lisbon, Porto, and the Algarve offer classes in English).
• At least 32 hours of practical driving covering vehicle handling, city and highway driving, night driving, and parking.

Your instructor will determine when you are ready to take the tests. You can book extra lessons if needed.

The Driving Tests in Portugal

Theory test: 30 multiple-choice questions covering laws, signs, and rules. You need 27 or more correct to pass. It is usually in Portuguese, but translators are available in many cases (including English). Cost is €15 at IMT or €15 to €110 at private centres.

Practical test: A 30 to 40 minute assessment of safe vehicle operation, traffic navigation, parking, and road awareness. Cost is €30 at public centres or up to €120 at private ones.

If you fail, you can retake the theory after 5 business days or the practical after 10 business days.

Driving schools frequently offer practice tests to improve your chances of passing first time.

Costs Overview

• Exchange application: €30 IMT fee.
• Medical examination: €25 to €50.
• Theory test: €15 (IMT) to €110 (private).
• Practical test: €30 (public) to €120 (private).
• Learner’s permit (if applicable): €15.
• Final licence issuance: €30.

For a complete new licence through a driving school (including all training and fees), packages typically range from €650 to €900. Compare options in your area, as some schools offer payment in instalments.

Always carry your licence and valid insurance. For the most up-to-date information, visit the IMT website at imt-ip.pt or gov.pt

Quick FAQs

How long can I drive on my Nigerian licence as a resident? 90 days after receiving your residence permit, then exchange (with tests) is required.

Do I need an IDP? Yes for tourists and short stays. It is also useful for residents, especially with insurance providers.

How long does the exchange process take? Usually 4 to 8 weeks, but apply as early as possible.

Any advice for Nigerians? Look for driving schools with English options in major cities. Expat communities often share good recommendations.